INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT STEPHEN HAWKING: - Hawking says his disease made him work harder. He realized he had things to do in life and he better get going.
- He married Jane Wilde after his diagnosis.
- Hawking was born on January 8, 1942, 300 years after the death ofGalileo.
- He was born during World War II. His parents moved from London to Oxford to keep him safe during the war.
- Hawking’s condition continued to get worse. He couldn't speak or walk. However, he kept writing and learning. He used a special computer program to talk for him.
- His work on the universe and black holes has changed the way scientists think about the universe.
- Hawking dreams big. He believes time travel is possible and people may someday live on other planets.
FILL THE GAPS: Stephen Hawking is a ………………… British scientist. He is often on TV and in ……………………… . He lives in Cambridge. He is married and has got three ……………………......
Stephen has got a neurouscular …………………………..: he can`t move and he can`t talk. A nurse helps him to dress, eat and wash. She is with him 24 hours …………… day. He can communicate with other people with a special computer. He uses this computer to teach …………… the University of Cambridge, where he is a professor of mathematics. He has got a special …………………………… with a portable computer.
You can sometimes see him in the streets and shops of Cambridge. He loves ……………………………….. – especially buying clothes for his daughter.
Stephen is an ambitious and determined man. He can`t write so ……………………. his ideas to a secretary. He is the author of a best-selling book …………….. "A Brief History of Time". It is ………………. the beginning of the world and other cosmic mysteries.
Her father taught medicine to this German woman at a young age becoming the first female in the world to graduate with a medical degree, from the University of Halle.
Susan B. Anthony
The 19th Amendment to the American Constitution—which
granted the right to vote to all U.S. women over 21 in 1920—is also known by
her name.
She participated in her first women’s rights convention in 1852. Over the next
54 years, she published "The Revolution"; circulated petitions for married
women’s property rights; gave speeches; called the first Woman Suffrage
Convention in Washington, D.C. (1869); and was arrested for voting (1872).
Charlotte Cooper wins Olympic Gold, 1900
At the original Olympic Games (776 BC) women couldn't even be spectators... Many years later, Charlotte’s tennis skills helped her become the first woman to earn the golden medal at the Summer Olympics in Paris.
She also won five Wimbledon championships during her impressive career.
Malala Yousafzai
When the Taliban group took power in her hometown in
Pakistan and started attacking girls’ schools, she, then a student at school (only
11 years old) gave a speech defending her and all women’s right to an
education.
She used a fake name to blog for the BBC in 2009, talking about
living under the Taliban’s oppressive thumb.
In 2012, the 15-year-old was on
her way home from school when a masked gunman boarded the bus and shot her in
the head. She survived, and after a medically induced coma and multiple
surgeries, she returned to school in England, addressed the United Nations,
published her first book "I Am Malala", and in 2014 she became the youngest person to
win the Nobel Peace Prize.
Marie Curie wins The Nobel Prize in Physics, 1903
She worked
alongside her husband Pierre Curie (who, unlike Einstein, saw his genius wife
as an equal and shared authorship with her on papers they did together).
She shared the award with Antoine Henri Becquerel and her husband Pierre. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and only woman to win twice and the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two different sciences, for physics in 1903 and for chemistry in 1911
She was also the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris.
Gertrude Ederle swims The English Channel, 1926
Though she was only 20 years old at the time, the young woman could swim across the channel from France and she also beat the previous record by doing so in just 14 hours and 31 minutes.
Reporters at the time called Gertrude “Queen of the Waves.”
Amelia Earhart crosses The Atlantic, 1932
The aviator’s solo flight from Newfoundland, Canada, tried to emulate Charles Lindbergh’s previous journey, with Amelia landing in Paris.
However, icy conditions on the nearly 15-hour trip caused her to make her descent in Derry, Ireland, instead.
She was greeted by a farmer of the land she’d touched down on, who asked how far she had flown. Amelia gave him a shock when she replied “from America!”
Valentina Tereshkova goes to Space, 1963
After beating out more than 400 other applicants, the Russian cosmonaut became the first woman to enter space as the pilot of Vostok 6.
Valentina spent three days in the craft, orbiting Earth 48 times.
Junko Tabei climbs Mount Everest, 1975
Junko became the first woman to make the full ascent as she successfully led a team of 15 women to the top of the mountain. After
that, she became the first woman to climb the highest mountain on every
continent (known as the Seven Summits).
Ali Stroker - Tony Award
After becoming the first actor in a wheelchair in Broadway history in
2015, on June 9, 2019, she became the first performer in a wheelchair to win a Tony Award.
She won the award for her powerhouse performance in the revival of "Oklahoma!"
She dedicated her acceptance speech to “every kid…who has a disability, a
limitation, a challenge, who has been waiting to see themselves represented in
this arena.”
Sirimavo Bandaranaike - PM
When Sirimavo Bandaranaike was elected the prime minister of
Sri Lanka in 1960—the first woman to hold a PM position in the world—it was so
unusual to have a female head of government that newspapers were unsure how
to address her.
Mary Wollstonecraft
(1759-97)Writer, feminist and philosopher Wollstonecraft was
the first woman to articulate the gap between the rights of man and rights of
women.
In 1792 she
wrote her book, "A Vindication of the Rights of Woman", which is still powerful today. Her daughter, of course, was Mary Shelley, the famous author of "Frankenstein".
Victoria Woodhull
The first woman who run for president of the United States was
Victoria Woodhull, who started a bid for the presidency in 1872, writing to the New York Herald: “I…claim the right to
speak for the unenfranchised women of the country.”
The Equal Rights Party
chose her as their presidential candidate—and though she didn’t end up
appearing on the ballot, her historical impact can still be felt today.
Janet Guthrie drives in The Indy 500, 1977
Despite the objections of many male drivers, Janet became the first woman to enter a NASCAR competition in 1976. The next year she participated in Indianapolis 500.
Three-time champion A.J. Foyt came to her defense when other drivers tried to prevent her from competing, even loaning her one of his backup cars.
Katherine Johnson - "Hidden figures"
This West Virginian was always exceptional at math. In 1939,
she was one of three black students (and the only female) to be offered a spot
at West Virginia University.
According to NASA,
in 1962, John Glenn refused to take his orbital mission, which would shift the
Soviet-American space race, until “the girl” ran the numbers personally as he
didn’t trust only the computer to do it. In her 33 years with NASA, she also
did calculations for the Project Apollo Lunar Lander, the Space Shuttle, and
the Earth Resources Satellite.
Edith Wharton - Pulitzer Prize for literature
A member of
East Coast high society, she became novelist and short story writer, and the first
woman to get the Pulitzer Prize for literature in 1921 for her book "The Age of Innocence"—despite
never attending school.
She also was awarded France’s Cross of the Legion of Honor for feeding and housing 600 Belgian refugee
orphans during World War I, because she was living in Paris when the fighting started.
Kathryn Bigelow wins the Oscar for Best Director, 2010
Her film "The Hurt Locker" was nominated the same year her ex-husband, James Cameron, was up for several of the same awards with "Avatar".
Kathryn not only beat him to the Best Director title, she got the Best Picture award, too.
Grace Hopper
She worked on the “Mark I project”, one of the original functioning
computers, through Harvard and the United States Naval Reserve, as well as its
future iterations Mark II and III. She led the team that invented COBOL (Common
Business-Oriented Language), the first programming language that used words
instead of numbers. It is still used today.
Anna Bissell - CEO
Although it was her husband who invented the carpet-sweeping
machine in 1876 and founded Bissell, Anna Bissell became the CEO of the company
in 1889, making her the first female CEO in America.
After her husband’s death, Anna was the one who took the
sweepers to the next level with aggressive marketing. She traveled around the
country selling sweepers and making deals with major retailers to carry the
Bissell brand. Eventually, she took the brand international.
Ella Fitzgerald
She’s known as the “First Lady of Song” for a reason!
The
first-ever woman to win two Grammies and first African-American to win the
award.
In her life, she performed at Carnegie Hall 26 times and won 11 Grammies
after her history-making first two.
Stephen Hawking is a ………………… British scientist. He is often on TV and in ……………………… . 
